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Image Search Results


Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification with nine theoretical knee types. Source : Adapted from MacDessi et al. . aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; HKA, hip–knee–ankle angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; LDFA, lateral distal femoral angle; MPTA, medial proximal tibial angle.

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification with nine theoretical knee types. Source : Adapted from MacDessi et al. . aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; HKA, hip–knee–ankle angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; LDFA, lateral distal femoral angle; MPTA, medial proximal tibial angle.

Article Snippet: The present study aimed to establish a theoretical mapping between the FKP described by Hirschmann and the CPAK classification by analytically deriving the arithmetic HKA angle and JLO from FMA and TMA.

Techniques:

Deterministic mapping between functional knee phenotypes (FMA mean = x ‐coordinate − TMA mean = y ‐coordinate) and CPAK classification femoral. The x ‐axis represents the femoral mechanical angle (FMA): values to the left (FMA < 93°) correspond to varus femoral orientation, values to the right (FMA > 93°) to valgus femoral orientation. The y ‐axis represents the tibial mechanical angle (TMA): values below (TMA < 87°) correspond to varus tibial orientation, values above (TMA > 87°) to valgus tibial orientation. Population means (FMA = 93°, TMA = 87°) serve as phenotypic neutrality references per the Hirschmann classification. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Deterministic mapping between functional knee phenotypes (FMA mean = x ‐coordinate − TMA mean = y ‐coordinate) and CPAK classification femoral. The x ‐axis represents the femoral mechanical angle (FMA): values to the left (FMA < 93°) correspond to varus femoral orientation, values to the right (FMA > 93°) to valgus femoral orientation. The y ‐axis represents the tibial mechanical angle (TMA): values below (TMA < 87°) correspond to varus tibial orientation, values above (TMA > 87°) to valgus tibial orientation. Population means (FMA = 93°, TMA = 87°) serve as phenotypic neutrality references per the Hirschmann classification. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Article Snippet: The present study aimed to establish a theoretical mapping between the FKP described by Hirschmann and the CPAK classification by analytically deriving the arithmetic HKA angle and JLO from FMA and TMA.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Correspondence between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK types across femoral (FMA = x ‐coordinate) and tibial (TMA = y ‐coordinate) mechanical angle intervals. Each functional phenotype corresponds to a 3° angular interval, defined as ± 1.5° around the central femoral (FMA) and tibial (TMA) mechanical angle values. The table illustrates the theoretical mapping between these FMA–TMA intervals and the CPAK classification. When the angular interval of a phenotype intersects several CPAK regions, multiple CPAK types are listed within the same cell. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Correspondence between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK types across femoral (FMA = x ‐coordinate) and tibial (TMA = y ‐coordinate) mechanical angle intervals. Each functional phenotype corresponds to a 3° angular interval, defined as ± 1.5° around the central femoral (FMA) and tibial (TMA) mechanical angle values. The table illustrates the theoretical mapping between these FMA–TMA intervals and the CPAK classification. When the angular interval of a phenotype intersects several CPAK regions, multiple CPAK types are listed within the same cell. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee.

Article Snippet: The present study aimed to establish a theoretical mapping between the FKP described by Hirschmann and the CPAK classification by analytically deriving the arithmetic HKA angle and JLO from FMA and TMA.

Techniques: Functional Assay

Distribution of functional knee phenotypes according to the Hirschmann and MacDessi (CPAK) classifications in osteoarthritic (OA) and non‐osteoarthritic (NO) populations. CPAK distributions obtained from the Hirschmann functional phenotype cohort are compared with those reported in the original CPAK cohort (MacDessi) in NO and OA populations. Four attribution strategies were applied: mean, using the central FMA and TMA values; interval, considering the full angular ranges (±1.5°) of each phenotype; stochastic, using Monte Carlo sampling within these intervals; and rare, selecting CPAK types located at the margins of the compatible aHKA–JLO space. aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; TMA, total knee arthroplasty.

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Distribution of functional knee phenotypes according to the Hirschmann and MacDessi (CPAK) classifications in osteoarthritic (OA) and non‐osteoarthritic (NO) populations. CPAK distributions obtained from the Hirschmann functional phenotype cohort are compared with those reported in the original CPAK cohort (MacDessi) in NO and OA populations. Four attribution strategies were applied: mean, using the central FMA and TMA values; interval, considering the full angular ranges (±1.5°) of each phenotype; stochastic, using Monte Carlo sampling within these intervals; and rare, selecting CPAK types located at the margins of the compatible aHKA–JLO space. aHKA, arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle; CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; JLO, joint line obliquity; TMA, total knee arthroplasty.

Article Snippet: The present study aimed to establish a theoretical mapping between the FKP described by Hirschmann and the CPAK classification by analytically deriving the arithmetic HKA angle and JLO from FMA and TMA.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Sampling

Hirschmann‐CPAK (HCT‐9) reading grid. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; HCT‐9, Hirschmann–CPAK Translational grid; TMA, tibial mechanical angle.

Journal: Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics

Article Title: Speaking the same language? A direct cartography between functional knee phenotypes and CPAK

doi: 10.1002/jeo2.70801

Figure Lengend Snippet: Hirschmann‐CPAK (HCT‐9) reading grid. CPAK, Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee; FMA, femoral mechanical angle; HCT‐9, Hirschmann–CPAK Translational grid; TMA, tibial mechanical angle.

Article Snippet: The present study aimed to establish a theoretical mapping between the FKP described by Hirschmann and the CPAK classification by analytically deriving the arithmetic HKA angle and JLO from FMA and TMA.

Techniques: